Archive for the Category »Fallacy of the Weak «

The Infinite Regress

How Long is Forever?

Which one is the real you?

Which one is the real you?

I think there is noth­ing more frus­trat­ing as con­tem­plat­ing the fea­si­bil­ity of infinity. It can be argued that if spon­ta­neous human com­bus­tion does indeed exist, that it is likely caused by the unfor­tu­nate per­son dwelling on an infi­nite regress for too long.  At least, that’s my hunch!  I should be clear from the start and explain that I do not con­sider infin­ity itself to be a fal­la­cious con­cept, but that it is often a sign that there may be some­thing very wrong with the rea­son­ing at play.

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Correlation is not Causation

Don’t jump to conclusions…

Cause and effect is not always this obvious...

Cause and effect is not always this obvious…

In sci­ence and sta­tis­tics it is a com­mon and dire warn­ing that “cor­re­la­tion does not imply cau­sa­tion”.  Every­one under­stands the con­cept of cause and effect: hit the bil­liard balls and watch them roll away in the oppo­site direc­tion you hit them.  How­ever, some­times the cor­re­la­tion is not so obvi­ous… some­times a cor­re­la­tion doesn’t really exist but is only per­ceived to.  See­ing should not always be believ­ing, study­ing is impor­tant.  Before jump­ing to a con­clu­sion, make sure you have accu­mu­lated and con­sid­ered as much data as pos­si­ble.  When it seems that a link exists, it is cer­tainly worth look­ing into.  Unfor­tu­nately, many are eager to make a dis­cov­ery so they might dis­cover a link that is only loosely con­nected, or not even con­nected at all (some other force is caus­ing the effect that is not being con­sid­ered).  Coin­ci­dences exist, and just because it would be con­ve­nient for two events to be con­nected, that does not neces­si­tate it to be so.

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The Slippery Slope

Hmm, not a good sign to miss!

Beware of Slip­pery Slopes!

The wind howls around you as the gusts enve­lope your body.  The view is spectacular–yet terrifying–as you inch your way along the cliff face, away from dan­ger.  If only you were pay­ing more atten­tion when you adven­tured off the path.  It seemed like a good idea, you wanted a piece of unex­plored beauty to call your own.  Alas, this led to a series of events which cul­mi­nated in you hang­ing on to your wits, 200 feet above the ground.  If you make it through this you will know bet­ter next time.  You will warn every­one to never leave the pre­des­tined paths.  Even if it seems like a good idea, one thing will lead to another and another and BAM!  Windy cliff!

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Affirming the Consequent

Afghan-election

If the Afghanistan war was about spread­ing free­dom, there would be elec­tions. There have been recent elec­tions in Afghanistan. Thus, the Afghanistan war is spread­ing freedom.

Well, what if the votes are not freely counted?  What if free­dom is not the goal, and the elec­tions are merely a side show?  What if the elec­tions really are an indi­ca­tion that free­dom is grow­ing in Afghanistan?

The above argu­ment assumes too much and pro­vides too lit­tle for such a def­i­nite con­clu­sion.  It cherry picks a fact and tries to prove an assump­tion.  There would not be any­thing wrong with this, if it was pre­sented as a hypoth­e­sis, or if it were one of many rea­sons.  With free­dom being such a com­plex con­cept, it’s rather sim­plis­tic to think that you can prove it’s exis­tence with just one sign of it.

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Begging the Question

I beg your question!

A wise Cre­ator would not cre­ate life only to restrict it to a chained and mis­er­able exis­tence.  There’s seems no point to sor­row and pain; joy and com­fort is always what we lowly crea­tures aspire to.  Since this is our aspi­ra­tion, and since this is what our Cre­ator would no doubt want as well, these three aspi­ra­tions (life, lib­erty, and hap­pi­ness) are there­fore our rights.

I basi­cally said we have cer­tain rights, showed that these rights are some­thing desir­able, and then con­cluded that these are our rights because they are desir­able.  I didn’t really prove any­thing, I sim­ply said we have rights because we want to have these rights. When deter­min­ing what our rights are (neces­si­ties), we risk inject­ing notions that we want to be true, so it is dan­ger­ous rea­son­ing to assume too much just because it com­ple­ments our desires.

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Arguing from Ignorance

It was a dark, and igno­rant night…

There was some­thing strange in the air that night.  The air was unusu­ally cold, and the doors were swing­ing on their own, and, to the best of my knowl­edge, all the win­dows were closed.  I had no idea what was hap­pen­ing, but I know it wasn’t nat­ural.  It is an old house, and back in the 1950’s a whole fam­ily was mur­dered here.  I think it is pretty obvi­ous that my house is haunted—-

Wait, wait, wait… I basi­cally just said, “I have no idea what hap­pened, there­fore this happened”.

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The Appeal to Popularity

The Truth is NOT a Pop­u­lar­ity Contest!

We see it every­where.  In almost every adver­tise­ment we learn how all our friends and neigh­bors have used this new gad­get or lotion, and so should you!  McDon­alds has bil­lions and bil­lions served, it can’t be that bad for you, right?  The iPhone’s App Store has a bil­lion down­loads, that must mean I should get an iPhone too!  Islam is the fastest grow­ing reli­gion on Earth, appar­ently, so that means it’s true!  Alter­na­tive “Nat­ural” Med­i­cine is a bil­lion dol­lar indus­try, they must be on to something!

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